Increasing the Environmental Sustainability of Greenhouse Vegetable Production by Combining Biochar Application and Drip Fertigation—Effects on Soil N2O Emissions and Carbon Sequestrations

Drip fertigation with reduced fertilizer and water inputs has been widely used in greenhouse vegetable production China. However, farmers usually do not apply additional organic material a high carbon content, although soil (SOC) concentrations are mostly below the optimum level for production. Returning straw or biochar to fields is an effective strategy sustainability environmental friendliness. We tested whether drip fertigation, (DIF) combined maize (DIF+S) (DIF+BC), suitable option improve SOC sequestration over eight growing seasons, how these options affect N2O emissions yields partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN) crops three seasons. During winter–spring season, DIF+BC significantly emission by 61.2% yield-scaled 62.4%, while increasing tomato yield PFPN compared DIF. Straw incorporation had similar trends but without significant effects. Conversely, increased during autumn–winter season. The structural equation model indicated was dominantly driven NH4+-N concentration, temperature moisture. decreased PFPN. Moreover, contribution approximately 78%, which four times higher than that incorporation. Overall, results highlighted potential mitigate emissions, increase storage, could all contribute maintaining quality